In this review, we provide a broad overview of studies investigating the genetic roots of narcissism. Drawing on a range of research findings, we examine the role of genetic factors in the development and expression of narcissistic traits. The review highlights the significance of genetic influences on narcissism, shedding light on the heritability of various manifestations of narcissism, such as grandiosity, entitlement, and adaptive versus maladaptive narcissism. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these genetic findings for understanding the stability, associations, and potential interventions related to narcissism.
Narcissists suppress emotions like shame due to their fear of rejection. Openly expressing these emotions threatens their carefully crafted image of superiority and invincibility. Shame, triggered by personal flaws or disapproval, is particularly threatening as it exposes their imperfections. Narcissists employ defense mechanisms to avoid confronting shame, such as deflecting blame or denying responsibility.